Glossary

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=185 BGCOLOR="#003333" TEXT="#F7F7FF" background="05bb9c00dduajq.jpg"> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="70" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 76 WIDTH="66"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="76" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="66" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <div> <A HREF="id67.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Headlines"><U>Headlines</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id2.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="About Us"><U>About Us</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id5.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Type of Injury"><U>Type of Injury</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id6.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Links"><U>Links</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id7.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U>Contact Us</U></A></div> <div> <B>Glossary</B></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>iaminjured.com</B></div> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFBF0" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>iaminjured.com</B></FONT>    |     <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="iaminjured.com"><U>home</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id67.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Headlines"><U>Headlines</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id2.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="About Us"><U>About Us</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id5.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Type of Injury"><U>Type of Injury</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id6.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Links"><U>Links</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id7.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U>Contact Us</U></A>   |   <B>Glossary</B></div> <div> Glossary</div> <bR> <bR> <div> The insurance and legal systems can be confusing, and you may hear a lot of words or phrases that are unfamiliar.  We hope the following definitions will give you some understanding of what you may be dealing with:</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="593" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 115 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Accident Benefits</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This refers to the benefits that your own insurer is required by law to provide to you for car accident injuries, regardless of who caused the accident.  It includes benefits for lost income, caregiving, health care, housekeeping and death and funeral benefits.  <I>You have to apply for these even if you are suing the other driver</I>.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Affidavit of Documents</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is a document that is part of the lawsuit process.  Each side must produce a list of all of the relevant documents in their possession, and swear an affidavit confirming that the list is complete.  This is done usually just before Examinations of Discovery</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 147 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Arbitration</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> If you can't settle a dispute with your own insurer, you have a choice of suing them in court, or having the case decided (“arbitrated”) by the Financial Services Commission.  They have staff arbitrators who act much like judges in that they hold a hearing, listen to evidence, and make decisions on your case</div> <bR> <div> Arbitrators do not deal with your case against the persons who caused your injuries</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 163 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Catastrophic Injuries</B></I></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This refers to injuries that meet the specific definitions in the Ontario law for “catastrophic”.  For injuries that meet this test, there is a much higher limit for medical, rehabilitation and attendant care expenses from your own insurer, and you can sue the other driver for an additional health care costs not covered by your own insurer.</div> <bR> <div> For those who don't meet this test, you cannot sue the other driver for health care costs.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Contributory Negligence</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This refers to cases where both drivers may be partly to blame for a collision.  If you were driving, and a court found you partly to blame, the court would reduce the value of your claim by the percentage of blame attributed to you.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 131 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Costs</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> In a lawsuit in Ontario, the normal rule is that the winner pays part of the legal costs of the loser.  Costs include legal fees, disbursements for court costs, experts etc., and GST.  If you win your case, the other side will not have to pay all of your costs.  If you were to lose your case, you may be ordered to pay costs, but not the winner's entire legal bill, unless there are unusual circumstances</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>DAC or Designated Assessment Centre</B></I></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> In the event of a dispute with your own insurer regarding accident benefits, the DAC is a neutral group of medical practitioners, authorized by the Financial Services Commission to do examinations and provide opinions on the reasonableness of your claim</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Damages</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the legal word that just means compensation or money to pay for your provable losses and pain and suffering.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Deductible</B></I></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> We use this term to describe another legal limit on “pain and suffering compensation”.  The law requires for car accidents a deduction of $15,000 from the amount you would otherwise get for your pain and suffering.  </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Defence Medical Examination</B></I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is part of the lawsuit process.  When you sue someone over personal injuries, they are entitled to have their own medical expert examine you and provide an opinion.  They may be entitled to more than one such examination depending on the complexity of your case.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Defendant</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the person who is being sued in a court case.  If you are the injured person, the other driver is the “defendant” in your court case.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 131 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Examinations for Discovery</B></I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is part of the lawsuit process.  In any lawsuit, before a case goes to trial, the persons suing and persons being sued are required to attend at a meeting before a court reporter to answer questions by the opposing lawyer about anything relevant to their claim or defence.  This process allows each side to know what the evidence is of the other side, and hopefully will encourage settlement</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Family Law Act Claims</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> Family members of an injured person can also sue the at-fault person for loss of care, guidance and companionship, and for services and expenses incurred on behalf of the injured person.  </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Final Release</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is a document that you will have to sign when there is a settlement, and the legal impact is that by signing, you are giving up the right to make any further claim for anything covered by the release</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Financial Services Commission of Ontario</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the government organization that regulates automobile insurance in Ontario.  They have full time mediators and arbitrators to deal with disputes with your own insurer regarding accident benefits.  They are not involved in your case against the person who caused your accident.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>General Damages</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the legal phrase that covers “pain and suffering” compensation, and future economic losses</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Insurer Medical Examination (IME's)</B></I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This refers to your insurer's right to have a doctor of their choosing examine you and provide an opinion.  They are permitted such examinations only as is reasonable.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 115 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Limitation Period</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> Ontario law limits the time for certain legal proceedings, such as starting a lawsuit or applying for mediation and arbitration.  Two years is the normal limit, although there are some circumstances where shorter time limits apply.  Failure to meet these time limits usually means you will lose the right to make the claim.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Mediation (FSCO)</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> If you have a dispute with your own insurer about payment of accident benefits, you must apply for mediation through the Financial Services Commission before being allowed to sue or arbitrate</div> <div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Mediation (Private)</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This refers to a settlement meeting using the help of a professional “mediator” to help explore whether you and the insurer or other person can find a way to agree to settle your case.  </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Motion</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is part of the lawsuit process.  It usually involves lawyers going before a judge to argue a procedural question in your lawsuit, such as which documents have to be produced.  You are usually not required to attend at a motion.  You may be asked to swear an affidavit for your lawyer to use at the motion.</div> <div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Negligence</B></I></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> To win your case against another driver, you usually have to show that they were negligent in some manner and that this negligence caused the accident.  </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>No-fault benefits</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is another phrase for “accident benefits” payable by your own insurer.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Ontario Superior Court of Justice</B></I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the trial court in Ontario where your claim against the at-fault persons will be started.  Claims worth $10,000 or less would go in Small Claims Court instead.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Plaintiff</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the legal term for the person who is suing someone else.  When you sue the person who caused your accident, you are known as the “plaintiff”</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Pre-trial</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is part of the lawsuit process.  Sometimes, shortly before trial, the lawyers will have an “off-the-record” discussion with a judge to explore settlement possibilities, and get a judge's viewpoint on the merits of the case.  Normally clients do not attend at this meeting.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 98 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Simplified Rules of Procedure</B></I></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> Ontario law has a special process for court cases involving claims of $50,000 or less.  Basically, the examination for discovery process is not available.  If you sue for more under the regular rules, but recover less than $50,000, you may be penalized with respect to recovery of legal costs.</div> <div>  </div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Special Damages</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the legal phrase that means loss of income or other out of pocket expenses for the time period up to the date of trial.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 65 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Statement of Claim</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the name of the court document that starts a lawsuit.  It will basically set out a list of the important facts, and the nature of the claims being made</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 49 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Statement of Defence</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the court document that the person you are suing will file to respond to the claims made in your Statement of Claim.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Third Party Liability Insurer</B></I></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the “insurance policy” language that refers to the insurer that must respond to your lawsuit on behalf of the at-fault persons.  This insurer will hire its own lawyers, and ultimately pay any amounts up to the limits of the policy.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 49 ><NOBR><div> <I><B>Third Party Liability Limits</B></I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is the amount of insurance that the person you are suing has available to pay any amount you are awarded in court.  </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 147 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Threshold</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This means the test your injuries have to meet in order to qualify for “pain and suffering” compensation from the at-fault driver.  The wording in the law includes death, permanent serious disfigurement or permanent serious impairments of important physical, mental or psychological functions.  </div> <bR> <div> It does not apply to other claims such as loss of income or out of pocket costs.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 131 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Tort</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> This is a legal term that means “civil wrong” - it includes negligence cases such as car accident claims against the at-fault person.  When we refer to the “tort case”, we are usually talking about the lawsuit against the other driver.  Your claim against your own insurer, on the other hand, is considered a “contract” case since it is based on the contract between you and your insurer.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 82 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Underinsurance</B></I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> Sometimes the defendant's insurance policy is not enough to cover your claim.  If your own “third party liability limits” are more than the defendant's, you may be able to claim the excess against your own insurer.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 115 WIDTH="221"><div> <I><B>Uninsured Motorist</B></I></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><div> If you are injured through the fault of someone who did not have insurance at the date of the accident, you can sue your own insurer for the damages, and they will try to recover what they can from the other person.  In this way you have some protection for your losses.  This is a standard part of every car insurance policy in Ontario.</div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="16" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" 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BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="221"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="23" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="221" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="365"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="23" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="365" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>